From Single-Protocol to Large-Scale Multi-Protocol Quantum Networks

In the initial stage of quantum Internet, most practical networks have been deployed relying on diverse individual key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, this single-protocol paradigm cannot fulfill heterogeneous requirements users, hence market-penetration is limited. Given recent advances in QKD protocols, next generation are expected to support both legacy and emerging evolution from multi-protocol poses numerous challenging problems. As a remedy, we conceive protocol translation framework for supporting migration large-scale networks. Furthermore, propose programmable multi-functional relay node architecture harmonizing components suitable node. A pair policies presented meeting security requests, which compared single-protocol-based solutions terms success probability attained (i.e., proportion requests with successful translation), average relaying risk encountered mean probabilities end-to-end negotiation network). Finally, highlight suite open problems secure direct communication teleportation research into future